AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTRINSIC ELEMENTS AND MORAL VALUES IN TETSUKO KUROYANAGI’S NOVEL ‘’TOTTO CHAN: THE LITTLE GIRL AT THE WINDOW’’

The objectives of this research were to find out the intrinsic elements and the moral values in Totto Chan: the Little Girl at the Window novel. This research employed descriptive qualitative as the method. The data were collected by using library research. Intrinsic elements involved theme, character and characterization, plot, setting and point of view. Moral values in this novel were honesty, willingness to take responsibilities, independence and humility. Research result showed that the education was applied well in Tomoe Gakuen. Tomoe Gakuen was the real form of a wanted dream school. Mr. Kobayashi as the headmaster managed to create his dream school in Japan, even in the World War II period.


Introduction
People have different reasons for studying literature, for instance to get new knowledge, for pleasure or hobby, satisfying, and sometimes for doing assignment from the teachers. Based on the reasons, actually human wants to get the advantages of information given in literature texts, such as in a novel. Some people frequently like reading novel to spend their time. Pawar (2012,p.64) defines novel as one of the many possible prose narrative forms like the epic, the romance, story and story-teller. Furthermore, according to Eagleton (2005,p.1), novel is a piece of prose fiction of reasonable length.
In addition, the readers would know several aspects that built a novel such as intrinsic elements. Intrinsic elements are the elements which develop the literary work from inside such as theme, character, characterization, plot, setting, point of view, etc. Hismanoglu (2005,p.63) explains that the use of the novel is a beneficial technique for mastering not only linguistic study but also life in relation to the target language. Moreover, Forster (2002,p.8) stated a fiction in prose of a certain extent and adds that he defines extent as over 50.000 words. Reading novel also gives advantage by the moral values that exist in the novel.
In this global era, people need to improve a moral. Thus, people must take attention to the moral education in order not to be affected bad influences. Moral is not always presented by discussion in the class lesson formal context but people can also use other ways to teach about moral, for example literature book like novels to deliver its messages.
As have been explained that moral value is not only learned in the class but also through read novel, thus the author of novel must use simple word so the readers will be easy for to comprehend what the contents of the novel. If the reader feels enjoy with the novel, it will be easy for them to accept what the novel's messages.
The novel about Totto-Chan: the Little Girl at the Window was written by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi. Tetsuko Kuroyanagi was born on August 9, 1933 in Tokyo, Japan and she is a famous person. She was also the author of Tottochan's Children: A Goodwill Journey to the Children of the World based on her UNICEF missions. This novel told about a young girl named Totto Chan. She was six years old. Totto chan was a unique girl. In her old school, she always made unusual activities. Her attitudes made the teacher frustrated. Therefore, Totto-chan expelled from her school. Then, she enrolled to other schools. In her new school, a teaching method was different from other school. This school emphasized a child's curiosity. This novel was really interesting to be analyzed deeper.
In this research, the researcher was analyzed the intrinsic elements and moral values found in Totto Chan: the Little Girl at the Window. The method of approach used structural approach. The researcher interested this novel because the researcher hoped that: (1) this research could give a good contribution or knowledge toward the development of prose, drama and literature study especially for English Department students in the university level; (2) by reading this novel, the readers can took the moral values from the characters; (3) this novel also can give information especially about the intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements; moral values.
The researcher interested the novel entitled Totto-Chan:the Little Girl at the Window because this novel exposes too many important things to understand the children, to teach them, to build them a good relationship between teacher to student and also student to student. In short, it gives some suggestions on how to be a good teacher, especially for children. This novel discussed many strategies of teaching young learners using outdoor than indoor activities because outdoor activities can be effective and they can attack children's attention to the willingness to learn.
Based on the information and the reasons above, the researcher interested in doing a research entitled "An Analysis of the Intrinsic Elements and Moral Values in Tetsuko Kuroyanagi's novel Totto-Chan: the Little Girl at the Window.

Literature Review A. What is Literature
Literature is human creation, an imaginative working of the author. According to Subhan (2006,p.20), literature has two functions; those are to educate and to amuse. The function of education was give literary experience, moral teaching, and values such as truth, nationality, heroism, beauty, horizon, new ideas, and wisdom. Literature to amuse means that a literary work has purpose to make someone feeling amused.
Based on the topic to be studied, here the researcher interested the novel to be discussed. Novel is one of literary work that which presents some values of character buildings, especially those which were presented by a particular cast of the novel. Furthermore, by reading novel, brought us to know more about various human being aspects and things happen in the reality. In addition, the readers would know several aspects that built a novel such as intrinsic elements and moral values.function of the novel its self to entertain and to give the new knowledge to the reader through the language inside of the work.
The term "novel" is now applied to a great variety of writings that have in common only the attribute of being extended works of fiction written in prose. As an extended narrative, the novel is distinguished from the short story and from the work of middle length called the novelette; its magnitude permits a greater variety of characters, greater complication of plot, ampler development of milieu, and more sustained exploration of character and motives than do the shorter, more concentrated modes (Abrams, 1991,p.190).

B. Moral Value
A moral is a message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event. According to Gilbert (2012,p.7), a morality might be part of a religion. Given the importance of religion to a culture, this might explain the importance of morality. At least, it might help to explain moral motivation among those who are religious. Meanwhile Rachels (2003,p.14) stated that morality is the effort to guide one's conduct by reason that is to do what there are best reasons for doing while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual who will be affected by what one does.
The kinds of moral values according to Susilawati, et.al (2010,p.109

Method of Research
This research was qualitative research. The data were collected from libraries in some places where the related books are available: to gain more detailed information to support the content of this thesis. The data in this research was qualitative data, relate to some following aspect: 1. Primary data source In this research, the primary source was taken from the novel entitled Totto Chan: the Little Girl at the Window.

Secondary data source
It is data sources that taken from many literary books and relevant materials to support and complete the primary data source.

Technique of Collecting the Data
To collect the data, there were some steps to collect the data in the research. The first, the researcher read the novel repeatedly and carefully. Reading the novel in several times. The second, choose important note in both primary and secondary data. Third, wrote down the important data using structural analysis. Then, arranged the data into several parts based on the classification. The last, concluded based on the data analyzed.

Technique of Analyzing the Data
To get an organized data, there were some steps to analyze the data in the research:

Reading the Material
The researcher reads the Totto Chan:the Little Girl at the Window novel and the books or articles that appropriate with the title.

Finding the Data
The researcher finding the data that appropriate to answer the research question.

Reviewed the Data
The researcher reviewed the data to get detail information from the data through structural approach.

Making Conclusion
The researcher made conclusion based on the analyzed data.

Research Result
In analyzing Totto Chan:the Little Girl at the Window the researcher classified it into two parts which are appropriate with the research problems. There were what were the intrinsic elements found in the novel entitled "Totto-Chan: the Little Girl at the Window?". And what were the moral values found in the novel entitled "Totto-Chan: the Little Girl at the Window?" After the researcher analyzed Totto-Chan: the Little Girl at the Window novel, the researcher known that in this novel there were intrinsic elements. Intrinsic elements in this novel there are twenty four characters. Totto Chan and Mr. Kobayashi are the major character. In this novel there are two setting that are setting of place and setting of time. Setting of place in this novel the most in the school, because in this novel tells many stories about Totto Chan's study. And then setting of time in this novel is in the year of 1945 during the World War II. Then Point of View, Point of view may be first person, third person, dramatic and omniscient (Nurgiantoro 2010,p.256-266). This novel used first person and third person (mixed persona) as point of view. The author used her little name, namely Totto Chan as main actor and Totto Chan was name of author when she childhood. The author used third person as point of view, namely the author was an all-knowing presence of the characters and event in the story. And then the Theme, Theme that used by the author was education. This novel told about an ideal school in Tokyo during World War that combined learning with fur, freedom and love.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher analyzed the moral values. That is about Honesty, Willingness to Take responsibility, Moral Independence, Moral Courage, Humility, Authentic Values, Realistic and Critical In this research, the researcher found that though this novel "Totto -Chan: The Little Girl at the Window", created by Tetsuko Koroyangi offers some ideas on teaching children. Totto Chan, the main character on the novel, was a very curious girl that she is labeled naughty and strange at her former school. However, she enjoyed anything at her new school, Tomoe Gakugen, where this naughty, strange girl is transformed into the nicest girl who is responsible to her task and herself. There was many moral values in Totto Chan: The Little Girl at the Window novel and the readers can practice it in their life.
Totto Chan: The Little Girl at the Window by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi also gives education. An educator is not only teaching but also educating. In this case, the researcher was concerned in moral values, because good moral is direction in our life. All education which develops power to share effectively in social life is morality. Totto Chan, the main character on the novel, was a very curious girl that she is labeled naughty and strange at her former school. However, she enjoyed anything at her new school.

Conclusions
Based on the findings on chapter IV, the researcher concluded that moral values have direct implementation to educate process because education itself teaches about moral. Moral education is important to teach and apply earlier on child to form personality, behavior, character, and habit.