Analysis Of Factors Affecting Patient Waiting Time In The Emergency Department Of A Hospital

Fitri Nurlatifah Sutardi, Muhammad Wirawan Harahap, Sigit Dwi Pramono, Rezky Putri Indarwati Abdullah, Iin Widya Ningsi

Abstract


The Emergency Installation (IGD) operates 24 hours and must deliver fast, accurate, and high-quality care, yet increasing patient visits and acuity may cause overcrowding, prolonged waiting times, safety risks, and reduced satisfaction. This study aimed to analyse factors associated with patient waiting time at the Emergency Installation of Ibnu Sina Makassar Hospital Yayasan-UMI, focusing on registration, human resources, and facilities/infrastructure. An analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2025, with data collected across morning, afternoon, and night shifts through service-flow observation and questionnaires. A total of 90 respondents (estimated population 900) were included using the Slovin formula (10% error) and total sampling based on inclusion criteria. Waiting time was defined as the duration from registration until receiving services or transfer. Data were analysed using univariate statistics and Chi-square tests in SPSS, and ethical approval recommendation was obtained (No: 502/A.1/KEP-UMI/VII/2025). Most respondents experienced fast waiting time (56/90; 62.22%), while 37.78% experienced slow waiting time. Registration was rated fast by 62.22% of respondents, human resources were rated adequate by 72.22%, and facilities/infrastructure by 82.22%. Significant relationships were found between waiting time and registration (p=0.005), human resources (p=0.007), and facilities/infrastructure (p=0.005). The findings suggest that improving registration efficiency, staffing distribution, and facility readiness can reduce waiting time and strengthen service quality. The novelty of this study lies in simultaneously examining these three operational factors in one integrated analysis within this hospital’s IGD, addressing a local research gap.


Keywords


Waiting Time, Emergency Room, Registration, Human Resources, Facilities and Infrastructure

Full Text:

full text

References


Marlia I, Heriana S, Novita N, Ika IM, VIA SH. Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Tunggu Pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) Rumah Sakit Umum dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. J Med Sci [Internet]. 2023 Oct 20;4(2):71–81. Available from: https://rsudza.acehprov.go.id/publikasi/index.php/JMS/article/view/100

Tamasoleng EY, Muharni S, Wardhani UC. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Length of Stay Pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit X Batam. SAINTEKES J Sains, Teknol dan Kesehat [Internet]. 2023;2(2):95–102. Available from: https://ejournal.itka.ac.id/index.php/saintekes/article/download/41/48/349

Sumayku IM, Pandelaki K, Kandou GD, Wahongan PG, Nelwan JE. Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Waktu Tunggu Pelayanan di Poliklinik Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Sentra Medika Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. e-CliniC [Internet]. 2022 Oct 9;11(1):1–10. Available from: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/eclinic/article/view/44251

Momen Amalia, Era Pratiwi. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Tunggu Pelayanan di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Luwuk Banggai Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2021. J Ilm Kedokt dan Kesehat [Internet]. 2022 Jan 22;1(1):76–84. Available from: http://ejurnal.stie-trianandra.ac.id/index.php/klinik/article/view/678

Kristine Dareda, Ns. Irma M. Yahya, Parhan Cawangi. Hubungan Beban Kerja Dengan Waktu Tanggap Perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD. M.W. Maramis Minahasa Utara. J Ilmu Kedokt dan Kesehat Indones [Internet]. 2022 Jun 16;1(3):84–90. Available from: https://journal.amikveteran.ac.id/index.php/jikki/article/view/237

Firly Aurelia Aisya, Nurelly, Iin Widya Ningsi, Jaya MA, Abdullah RPI. Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Length of Stay (LOS) Pada Pasien Demam Tifoid di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina YW Umi Januari - Desember 2022. Innov Jourmal Soc Sci Res [Internet]. 2024;4(2):6448–69. Available from: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative

Pamesangi AS, Arifuddin ATS, Swarga T, Wiriansyah EP, Abdullah RPI. Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Instalasi Gawat Darurat terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Perawat. J Mhs Kedokt [Internet]. 2022;5(4):191–200. Available from: https://fmj.fk.umi.ac.id/index.php/fmj/article/view/569

Abdullah RPI, Akbari AH, Nur AAW. Tinjauan Literatur Strategis Tentang Isu-Isu Kesehatan Masyarakat di Indonesia. Wal’afiat Hosp J [Internet]. 2020;6(2):114–24. Available from: https://whj.umi.ac.id/index.php/whj/article/view/167

Edward, Ajabade, Adewoyin, Adeoyin. Knowledge and Perception of Nurses on use of Braden Scale in Predicting Patients’ Pressure Ulcer Risks in Selected Hospitals in Ondo State. Bayero J Nurs Heal Care [Internet]. 2021;3(1):748–57. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/bjnhc/article/view/223748/211089

Wang X, Cheng Z. Cross-Sectional Studies. Chest. 2020 Jul;158(1):S65–71.

Hardani, Andriani H, Utami EF, Fardani RA, Sukmana DJ, Auliya NH, et al. Buku Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Cetakan 1. Abadi H, editor. Yogyakarta: CV. Pustaka Ilmu Group Yogyakarta; 2020. 245 p.

Liberty IA. Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. Pekalongan: Penerbit NEM; 2024. 27–35 p.

Agnesia Y, Sari SW, Nu’man H, Ramadhani DW, Nopianto. Buku Ajar Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. Pekalongan: Penerbit NEM; 2023.

Cvetkovi? Vega A, Maguiña JL, Soto A, Lama-Valdivia J, Correa López LE. Cross-Sectional Studies. Rev la Fac Med Humana [Internet]. 2021 Jan 12;21(1):164–70. Available from: http://revistas.urp.edu.pe/index.php/RFMH/article/view/3069

Amirin. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian 4: Ukuran Sampel Rumus Slovin. Jakarta: Erlangga; 2011.

Slovin L.A. Sampling Methods of Research. J Am Stat Assoc. 1960;55(290):708–13.

Darma B. Statistika Penelitian Menggunakan SPSS (Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Regresi Linier Sederhana, Regresi Linier Berganda, Uji t, Uji F, R2). Kabupaten Bogor: Guepedia; 2021.

Ramadhany R. Buku Saku Digital: Pengunaan Aplikasi SPSS Ver. 29. Palangkaraya: FISIP IAN UPR; 2024.

Marlia I, Heriana S. Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Tunggu Pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) Rumah Sakit Umum dr . Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. J Med Sci. 2023;4(2):71–81.

Rumalutur N, Salim NA, Istanti N. Hubungan Sarana Prasarana Dengan Waktu Tunggu Pelayanan di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. J Kesehat Masy [Internet]. 2021 Apr 3;14(1):385–91. Available from: http://jurnal.stikeswirahusada.ac.id/jkm/article/view/323

Sari MA, Erianti S, Marni E. Faktor - Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Waiting Time Pada Pasien Triage Kuning. J Keperawatan Abdurrab. 2020;4(1):14–25.

Azizah IN, Nurhasanah N. Penyelesaian Penumpukan Pasien Melalui Penambahan Petugas Administrasi Rawat Inap di RSUD dr. Abdul Rivai Berau. RIGGS J Artif Intell Digit Bus [Internet]. 2025 Nov 22;4(4):1647–54. Available from: https://journal.ilmudata.co.id/index.php/RIGGS/article/view/3525

Alqodri A, Addiarto W, Hartono D. Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Pelayanan IGD di RSUD Dr. Haryoto Lumajang. J Ilmu Kesehat Mandira Cendikia. 2025;4(4):124–36.

Mokognita LT, Gunawan HM. Analisis Information of Delays, Doctor’s Performance, Waiting Time dan Accessibility Terhadap Trust Melalui Patient Satisfaction dan Perceived Quality of Healthcare Pada Pasien di Unit Gawat Darurat RS Siloam Manado. J Ilm Manaj Bisnis dan Inov Univ Sam Ratulangi. 2025;12(2):863–81.

Jumlaida Dinst, Hi Suwandi Luneto, Rahmat Hidayat Djalil. Hubungan Ketersediaan Fasilitas dan Sumber Daya Manusia Dengan Waktu Tunggu Pasien. VitaMedica J Rumpun Kesehat Umum [Internet]. 2025 May 26;3(3):58–67. Available from: https://journal.stikescolumbiasiamdn.ac.id/index.php/VitaMedica/article/view/386




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32502/sm.v17i1.10933

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Nurlatifah Sutardi, Muhammad Wirawan Harahap, Sigit Dwi Pramono, Rezky Putri Indarwati Abdullah, Iin Widya Ningsi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Syifa Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan indexed by :

Crossref One Search Worldcat GoogleScholar Garuda Portal-ISSN Base Sinta Index Copernicus
 

Creative Commons License

Syifa Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Published by Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah, Palembang, South Sumatra. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

________________________________________________

Syifa Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan

Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Palembang
Jl. KH. Balqi Jl. Banten II, 13 Ulu, Kec. Seberang Ulu II, Palembang City, South Sumatera 30263
E-Mail: sifa_medika@um-palembang.ac.id