Neurosifilis Asimtomatik Pada Pasien Sifilis Sekunder Dengan Koinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Dia Febrina, Dartri Cahyawari, Nina Roslina, Rasmia Rowawi, Pati Aji Achdiat

Abstract


Neurosifilis merupakan infeksi pada sistem saraf pusat yang disebabkan invasi sawar darah otak oleh Treponema pallidum yang umumnya terjadi pada pasien sifiis koinfeksi dengan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Neurosifilis umumnya terjadi pada sifilis tersier, tetapi dapat pula terjadi pada stadium lainnya, termasuk stadium sekunder. Diagnosis neurosifilis asimtomatik ditegakkan apabila didapatkan serum venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) yang positif tanpa tanda dan gejala neurologis disertai satu dari karakteristik berikut pada pemeriksaan liquor cerebrospinal (LCS): (1) jumlah leukosit > 10/mm3; (2) protein total > 50 mg/dL; (3) hasil VDRL reaktif. Dilaporkan seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 35 tahun dengan sifilis sekunder koinfeksi HIV tanpa ditemukannya tanda dan gejala neurologis. Kecurigaan neurosifilis pada pasien ini disebabkan oleh kegagalan terapi pada sifilis sekunder, status HIV dengan jumlah CD4+ 106/mm3, dan serum VDRL 1:256. Diagnosis neurosifilis pada laporan kasus ini ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan LCS yang menunjukkan hasil VDRL yang reaktif, peningkatan jumlah leukosit dan protein total. Pasien ini diberikan penisilin G prokain 2,4 juta unit tanpa probenesid yang diberikan secara intramuskular selama 14 hari. Pada pasien sifilis koinfeksi HIV dapat dicurigai neurosifilis apabila ditemukan salah satu karakteristik berikut: (1) tidak terjadi penurunan titer VDRL setelah terapi benzatin penisilin; (2) serum VDRL/rapid plasma reagin (RPR) ? 1:32; (3) jumlah CD4+ < 350 sel/mm3. Kegagalan terapi pada sifilis sekunder dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi Treponema pallidum pada sistem saraf pusat. Simpulan, dilaporkan satu pasien usia 35 tahun dengan neurosifilis asimtomatik yang diberikan terapi penisilin G prokain 2,4 juta unit tanpa probenesid selama 14 hari. Pemeriksaan serum VDRL pada bulan ketiga pasca terapi belum mengalami penurunan titer.

Keywords


neurosifilis asimtomatik, HIV, sifilis sekunder, gagal terapi

Full Text:

PDF

References


Katz KA. Syphilis. Dalam: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffel DJ, Wolff K, penyunting. Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine. Edisi ke-8. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012.hlm.2471-93.

Stary A. Sexually Transmitted Infections. Dalam: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, penyunting. Dermatology. Edisi ke-2. New York: Mosby; 2008.hlm.1239-62.

Kinghorn GR. Syphilis and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections. Dalam: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C, penyunting. Rook’s text book of dermatology. Edisi ke-8. UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.hlm.34.1-38.

Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Swartz MN, Musher DM, Healy BP. Clinical manifestations of syphilis. Dalam: Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Stamm WE, Piot P, Wasserheit JN, Corey L, penyunting. Sexually transmitted diseases. Edisi ke-4. New York : McGraw Hill; 2008. hlm. 661-84. 5. Balagula Y, Mattei PL, Wisco OJ, Erdag G, Chien AL. The great imitator revisited: the spectrum of atypical cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53:1434–41.

Lynn WA, Lightman S. Syphilis and HIV: a dangerous combination. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:456-66.

B?la?a R, Bajko Z, Mo????ianu A, Maier S. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis - case report and literature review. Acta Medica Transilvanica. 2014;2(4):201-203.

Ghanem KG. Neurosyphilis: A historical perspective and review. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics. 2010;16:157–68.

James WD, Berger TG, Elston DM. Syphilis, Yaws, Bejel, and Pinta. Dalam: James WD, Berger TG, Elston DM, penyunting. Andrew’s diseases of the skin clinical dermatology. Edisi ke-11. Cina: Elsevier;2011.hlm.345-359.

Merritt HH. Neurosyphilis. New York: Oxford, 1946.

Rajan J, Prasad PV, Chockalingam K, and Kaviarasan PK. Malignant syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2011; 2(1):19–22.

Poliseli R, Vidal JE, Oliveira AC, dkk. Neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients: clinical manifestations, serum venereal disease research laboratory titers, and associated factors to symptomatic neurosyphilis. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2008;35(5):425–29.

Walter T, Lebouche B, Miailhes P, dkk. Symptomatic relapse of neurologic syphilis after benzathine penicillin G therapy for primary or secondary syphilis in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:787–90.

Janier M, Hegyi V, Dupin N, Unemo M, Tiplica GS. 2014 European guideline on the management of syphilis. JEADV; 2014:28:1581–93.

Amador VR, Saavedra GA, Ramírez BC, dkk. Clinical spectrum of oral secondary syphilis in HIV-infected patients. J Sex Transm Dis. 2013;4:1-8. 16. Seña AC, Zhang XH, Li T, Zheng HP, dkk. A systematic review of syphilis serological treatment outcomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons: rethinking the significance of serological non-responsiveness and the serofast state after therapy. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;5:1-15.

Stamm LV. Global challenge of antibiotic-resistant Treponema pallidum. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 2010;54(2):583–89.

Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015. CDC MMWR Reports. 2015;64(3):34-48.

Marra CM. Neurosyphilis. Curr Neurol and Neurosci Rep. 2004;4:435–40.

Hu R, Lu C, Lu S, Hu Y, dkk. Value of CXCL13 in diagnosing asymptomatic neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients. Int J STD AIDS. 2015:1-15.

Ghanem KG, Moore RD, Rompalo AM, dkk. Antiretroviral therapy is associated with reduced serologic failure rates for syphilis among HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(2):258–65.

Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010. CDC MMWR Reports. 2010;59:26-38.

Chahine LM, Khoriaty RN, Tomford WJ, dkk. The changing face of neurosyphilis. Int J Stroke. 2011;6:136–143. 24. Sadeghani K, Kallini JR, Khachemoune C. Neurosyphilis in a man with human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(8):35–40.

Merins V, Hahn K. Syphilis and neurosyphilis: HIV-coinfection and value of diagnostic parameters in cerebrospinal fluid. Eur J Med Res. 2015;20:1-7.

Musher DM. Neurosyphilis: diagnosis and response to treatment. World J Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:900–2.

Buitrago D, Jimenez A, Conterno LO, Martí-Carvajal AJ. Antibiotic therapy for adults with neurosyphilis (Protocol). The Cochrane Library. 2014;11:1-17.

Goh BT, Smith GW, Samarasinghe L, dkk. Penicillin concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after intramuscular injection of aqueous procaine penicillin 0,6 MU with and without probenecid. Br J Vener Dis. 1984;60:371-3.

Schiff E, Lindberg M, Harlford, dkk. Neurosyphilis. South Med J. 2002;95:1083-87.

Dowell ME. Ross PG, Musher DM, dkk. Response of late syphilis or neurosyphilis to ceftriaxone therapy in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med. 1992;93:481-8




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32502/sm.v8i1.1353

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Dia Febrina, Dartri Cahyawari, Nina Roslina, Rasmia Rowawi, Pati Aji Achdiat

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

   

Statistic counter 

sinta4