LEARNERS’ DIFFICULTIES & STRATEGIES IN LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Dwi Rara Saraswaty

doi:10.32502/ecj.v2i1.1003

LEARNERS’ DIFFICULTIES & STRATEGIES IN LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Dwi Rara Saraswaty

Abstract

Listening plays a vital role in daily lives. Everyday people listen for different purposes such as entertainmnet, academic purposes or obtaining necessary information. It is essential for learning languages since they enable to acquire insights and information, and to achieve success in communicating with others. But many students fail to seize them because of some learning difficulties in listening class. Teachers should be aware of students’ learning difficulties. Understanding students’ learning difficulties may enable EFL teachers to help students develop effective learning strategies and ultimately improve their English listening abilities. This paper focuses on how teachers enhance their positive attitude; train
them to be responsive by giving the suitable strategies that will enable them to develop their listening skills.

Keywords

listening skills, difficulties, strategies.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Al-Alwan, A., Asassfeh, S., & Al- Shboul, Y. (2013). EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension and Awareness of Metacognitive Strategies: How Are They Related. International Education Studies. 6(9). 31-39. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n9p31

Anderson, N. (1991). Individual Differences in Strategy Use in Second Language Reading and Testing. Modern Language Journal, 75, 406-472. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1991.tb05384.x

Anderson, N. (2003). Metacognitive Reading Strategies Increase L2 Performance. The Language Teacher, 27, 20-22.

Anderson, A. & Lynch, T. (1988). Listening. Oxford University Press.

Azmi, B. M., Celik, B., Yidliz, N., & Tugrul, M. C. (2014). Listening Comprehension Difficulties Encountered by Students in Second language Learning Class. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World, 4(4), 1-6.

Boyle, J. P. (1984). Factors Affecting Listening Comprehension. ELT Journal. 38(1), 34-38. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/38.1.3 4

Bozorgian, H. (2012). Metacognitive Instruction Does Improve Listening Comprehension.

International Scholarly Research Network. 1-6. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/734085.

Blau, E. (1990). "The Effect of Syntax, Speed and Pauses on Listening Comprehension." TESOL Quarterly, 24, 746-53.

Bloomfield, A. et al. (2010). What Makes Listening Difficult? Factors Affecting Second Language Listening Comprehension. Retrieved January 10, 2013, fromhttp://www.google.es/url?sa=t &rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CEgQFjAC&url=http://wwwdliflc.edu/file.ash x?path%3Darchive/documents/CA SL_study_FINAL_Lit_Rev.pdf&ei =kFfMUu_vJ8PE0QXVm4HoDg &usg=AFQjCNGUJKlMDBEcB8 vygOP4Hd2mh1uIQg.

Buck, G. (2001). Assessing Listening. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO978 0511732959.

Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983). Teaching The Spoken Language. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Chang, Y.L., Chang, T.S., & Kuo, C.H. (1995). Listening difficulties and

learner strategies of nonnative speakers. The ninth Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the Republic of China (pp.145- 158). Taipei: Crane.

Chiang, Ch. S., & Dunkel, P. (1992). The effect of speech modification,

prior knowledge, and listening proficiency on EFL lecturelearning. TESOL Quarterly, 26, 345-374.

Chulim, F. (2008). The Use of Listening Learning Strategies by Lengua

Inglesastudents in Five Mexican Universities: Preliminary Results.

Memorias delIV Foro Nacional de Estudios en Lenguas. 469-479. Retrieved from http://fel.uqroo.mx/adminfile/files/ memorias/Articulos_Mem_FONA

EL_IV/Dzay_Chulim_Floricely.pdf

Conrad, L. (1989). The effects of timecompressed speech on listening comprehension. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 11, 1-16.

Coskun, A. (2010). The Effect of Metacognitive Strategy Training on the Listening Performance of Beginner Students. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 4(1), 35-50.

Devine, T. G. (1982). Listening skills schoolwide: Activities and programs. Urbana. IL: National Council of Teachers of English.

Ferris, D. (1998). Students' views of academic aural/oral skills: A

comparative needs analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 32, 289-318.

Ferris, D. & Tagg, T. (1996a). Academic listening/speaking tasks for ESL

students: Problems, suggestions, and implications. TESOL. Quarterly, 30, 297-320.

Flavell, H Roger, (1985). Developing English with Young Learners. London: MacMillan Publishers Limited.

Flowerdew, J., & Miller, L. (1996). Student perceptions, problems and

strategies in second language lecture comprehension. RELC Journal, 23, 60-80.

Gilakjani,A.P. and Ahmadi, M.R. (2011). A Study of Factors Affecting EFL Learners' English Listening Comprehension and the Strategies for Improvement. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 977-988.

Gilbert, M. B. (1989). Perceptions of Listening Behaviors of School Principals. School Organisation. 9, 271- 282.

Goh, C. (1999). Teaching Listening In The Language Classroom.

Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.

Goh, C. (2000). A Cognitive Perspective on Language Learners’ Listening Comprehension Problems. System, 28, 55-75. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0346- 251X(99)00060-3.

Goh, C. (2002). A Cognitive Perspective on Language Learners’ Listening

Comprehension Problems. System, 28, 55-75. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0346- 251X(99)00060-3.

Goh, C. (2006). Metacognitive Instruction in Listening for Young Learners. ELT Journal, 60, 222-232. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.109/elt/ccl002

Glisan, E. W. (1985). The Effect of Word Order on Listening Comprehension and Pattern Retention: An Experiment In Spanish As a Foreign Language.

Language Learning, 35(3), 443-69. Graham, S. (2006). Listening Comprehension: The Learners’ Perspective. System. 34, 165-182.

Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system. 2005.11.001

Graham, S., Santos, D., & Vanderplank, R. (2008). Listening Comprehension and Strategy Use: A Longitudinal Exploration. System. 36, 52-68. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system. 2007.11.001.

Hamouda, A. (2013). An Investigation of Listening Comprehension Problems Encountered by Saudi Students in the EL Listening Classroom. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 2(2), 113-15.

Hasan, A. (2000). Learners’ Perceptions of Listening Comprehension

Problems. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 13, 137-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07908310008666595.

Higgins, J. "Raising Teachers’ Awareness of the Real-time Characteristics of Their Classroom Speech." In: D. Mahoney and J.

Long, D. R. (1990). What you don’t know can’t help you: An exploratory study of background knowledge and second language listening comprehension. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 65-80.

Lui, H. J. (2008). A Study of Interrelationship between Listening Strategy Use, Listening Proficiency Levels, andListening Style. ARECLS, 5, 84-204.

Retrieved fromhttp://research.ncl.ac.uk/ARE CLS/vol5_documents/Articles/liu_vol5.pdf

Mohseny, A., & Raeisi, N. (2009). The Relationship between Language

Proficiency of EFL Students and Their Strategy Use in Listening Comprehension. TEFLL, 1(4), 111-132.

Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M. (1999). Foreign Accent, Comprehensibility

and Intelligibility in the Speech of Second Language Learners. Language Learning, 49(1), 285-310. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0023-

49.s1.8

Murphy, D and Candlin, C.N. (1976). Engineering Discourse and

Listening Comprehension; K.A.A.u. Project in Listening Comprehension First annual report. Department of linguistics and modern English language:

University of Lancaster.

Persulessy, G.H. (1988). Listening improvements Exercises for Students of English. Jakarta.

Rahimi, M., & Katal, M. (2012). The Role of Metacognitive Listening

Strategies Awareness and Podcast-Use Readiness in Using Podcasting

for Learning English as a Foreign Language. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 73-81. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.

12.019.

R. Griffiths, “Speech Rate and Listening Comprehension: Further Evidence

of the Relationship,” TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1992, pp. 385-390.

Rost, M. (2002). Teaching and Researching Listening. London: Longman.

Rost, M. (2009). Teacher Development Interactive: Listening. White Plains. NY: Pearson Longman.

Seferoglu, G., & Uzakgoren, S. (2004). Equipping Learners with Listening

Strategies in English Language Classes. Hacettepe University Faculty of Educational Journal, 27, 223-231.

Shang, H. (2008). Listening Strategy Use and Linguistic Patterns in Listening Comprehension by EFL Learners. The Intl. Journal Of Listening, 22(1), 29-45. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.10/10904010701802147.

Sheorey, R., & Mokhtari, K. (2001). Differences in the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies among Native and Non-Native Readers. System. 29(4). 431-449. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(01)00039-2.

Tavakoli, M., Shahraki, S., & Rezazadeh, M. (2012). The Relationship between Metacognitive Awareness and EFL Listening Performance: Focusing

on IELTS Higher and Lower Scorers. The Journal of Language Teaching and Learning. 2. 24-37.

Teng, H. C. (2002). An investigation of EFL listening difficulties for Taiwanese college students. Selected papers from the Eleventh International Symposium on English Teaching/ Fourth Pan- Asian Conference. 526-533.

Thomlison, T. Dean. "Relational Listening: Theoretical and Practical Considerations." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the 5th International Listening Association. 1984. 30pp. [ED 257165].

Underwood, M. (1989). Teaching Listening. New York: Longman.

Ur, P. (1984). Teaching Listening Comprehension.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Vandergrift, L. (1997). The Comprehension Strategies of Second Language (French) Listeners: A Descriptive Study. Foreign Language Annuals. 30(3). 387-409. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1997.tb02362.x

Vandergrift, L. (1999). Facilitating Second Language Listening Comprehension: Acquiring Successful Strategies. ELT Journal. 53(3). 168-176. Retrieved fromhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/5 3.3.168.

Vandergrift, L. (2004). Listening to Learn or Learning to Listen? In Cambridge University Press (Ed.), Annual Review of Applied

Linguistics (2004) (pp. 3-25) USA: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S026719 0504000017.

Vandergrift, L. (2007). Recent Development in Second Language Listening Comprehension Research. In Graeme Porte (Ed.), Language Teaching: Surveys and Studies. (pp. 291-210). Canada: Cambridge University Press.

Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444807004338.

Vandergrift, L., Goh, C., Mareschal, C., & Tafaghodtari, M. (2006). The

Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ): Development and Validation. Language Learning. 56, 431-462. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2006.00373.x.

Vogely, A. (1995) Perceived strategy use during performance on three

authentic listening tasks. The Modern Language Journal. 79 (1), 41–56.

Walker, N. (2014). Listening: the Most Difficult Skill to Teach. Encuentro. 23. 167-175.

Wolvin, A., Coakley, C. (1991). A Survey of the Status of Listening

Training in Some Fortune 500 Corporations. Communication Education, USA.

Yagang, F. (1994) Listening: Problems and Solutions. In T. Kral (Ed.), Teacher Development: Making the Right Moves. Washington, DC: English Language Programs Division, USIA.

Yang, N. (2009). A Study of Metacognitive Strategies Employed by English Listeners.

International Education Studies. 2(4). 134-139. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v2n4 p134.

Yesilyurt, E. (2013). An Analysis of Teacher Candidates’ Usage Level of Meta-Cognitive Learning Strategies: Sample of a University in Turkey. Educational Research and Reviews. 8(6). 218-225.

Zhao, Y. 1997: The effects of listeners’ control of speech rate on second

language comprehension. Applied Linguistics. 18. 49–68.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32502/ecj.v2i1.1003